NGELI ZA LUGHA

                           NGELI

Ngeli ni mkusanyiko wa majina ya Kiswahili yaliyo na sifa sawa kisarufi.

.majina katika ngeli  moja hutumika kwa kuzingatia kawaida sawa.

Hivyo ni makosa kuchanganya sheria za ngeli tofauti ndiposa ni muhimu kuhusisha kila nomino na ngeli yake.

Ngeli za Kiswahili.

A-Wa                                              I-Zi                                                                  U-Zi

U-I                                                   Ya                                                                  Ku

Ki-Vi                                                  I                                                                   U

Li-Ya                                              U-Ya                                                             pa-ku-mu   

Ngeli ya A-WA

Ina majina ya viumbe wenye uhai yakiwa katika hali wastani.  

Hujumuisha ;

1.Majina ya wanyama

Ngamia                 pundamilia                                paka            fisi                             kondoo

Nyani                    ndovu                                       simba           farasi                          swara

2.Majina ya ndege

Mbuni                   heroe                                         jiwa              kasuku                       kunguru  

Tai                        batamzinga                                tausi              chiriku                      kasuku

Kifaranga

3.majina ya samaki na viumbe wa baharini

Dagaa                    mkizi                                        mamba            chewa                     papa

Mkunga                 kaa                                           pweza               kiboko                    kambare

Nyangumi

4.majina ya binadamu

Mtu                     mwalimu                                   mkunga              mpishi                    kipofu

Mtoto                   daktari                                       dereva               kiziwi                    mjomba

Mwanafunzi          mkulima                                    seremala           kiwete

5.majina ya wadudu

Kupe                      kunguni                                    chawa                siafu                      panzi    

Nzi                          mende                                      kimatu               jongoo                   nzige

Kipepeo                 nyuki                                         mchwa

6.viumbe wasioonekana

Mungu                      malaika                                   shetani  

Upatanishi kisarufi

1.viambishi ngeli

Nomino hizi huambiswa  A –kwenye vitenzi katika umoja na Wa-katika wingi.

Mifano

Umoja                                                       wingi

Nzi ametua kwenye kidonda .                  Nzi wametua kwenye kidonda.

Mjomba amefikishwa kortini.                  Wajomba wamefikiswa kortini.

2.vimilikishi

Kumiliki ina maana ya kuwa na.

Vimilikishi hubadilika kutegemea nafsi sawa na  hali yaumoja ama wingi.

Sentensi

Mjomba wangu ameniletea zawadi.            Wajomba wetu wametuletea zawadi.

Farasi Yule ni wake mwanafunzi.               Farasi wale ni wao  wanafunzi.

3.a-unganifu

Huonyesha uhusiano wa kumiliki.huwakilishwa na Wa katika umoja na wingi.

Mifano

Malaika wa Mungu alifikisha ujumbe                     Malaika wa Mungu walifikisha ujumbe.

Mdudu wa shambani  amekufa.                            Wadudu wa shambani wamekufa.

4.viashiria

Kuashiria ni kuonyesha umbali wa kitu.

Mfano

                                    Umoja                                  wingi

Karibu                          huyu                                     hawa

Mbali kiasi                   huyo                                      hao

Mbali sana                   Yule                                       wale

5.virejeshi

Ni maneno/ viambishi vinavyomrejesha msomaji katika nomino .ni ya aina mbili;

1. Amba rejeshi
2. –o-rejeshi

     o-rejeshi  mifano

kitabu kilichopotea kimepatikana.               Vitabu vilivyopotea vimepatikana.                

Katika ngeli ya A-WA –ye- hutumika katika umoja na –o- katika wingi.

‘ambaye’ hutumika katika umoja na ‘ambao’ kwenye wingi.

Matumizi

Aliyetoka hapa ni mtu huyu.                                     Waliotoka hapa ni watu hawa.

Mnyama ambaye ni mkubwa zaidi ni nyangumi      wanyama ambao ni wakubwa zaidi ni nyangumi.

       Hali ya       mazoea   

-o-rejeshi inaweza kutumiwa kuonyesha mazoea . huja mwishoni mwa kitenzi na katika hali hii kiambishi cha wakati lazima kipotee.-o-rejeshi ya tamati haitumiki pamoja na kiambishi ‘hu’ cha mazoea.

Mifano

  -o-ya kati                                          -o-tamati {ya mazoea}

Waliotembea                                         watembeao

Aliyefaulu                                              afauluye

Aliyenifaa                                               anifaaye

Watakaoruka                                          warukao                                                               

Atakayefika                                            afikaye

mifano katika sentensi

hali ya wastani

mtoto anayetii ndiye anayefaulu.                  watoto wanaotii ndio wanaofaulu.

Hali ya mazoea

Mtoto atiiye ndiye afauluye .                       watoto watiio ndio wafauluo.

Wastani                                                         mazoea

Mtoto aliyeumia ni huyu.                               Mtoto aumiaye huwa huyu.

Mwanafunzi aliyepita ametuzwa.                  Mwanafunzi apitaye hutuzwa.

Amba-rejeshi ya mazoea      

Wastani                                                          mazoea

Fisi ambaye alikula mzoga amenaswa.        Fisi ambaye hula mzoga hunaswa.

6.vivumishi  vya pekee

Kivumishi cha pekee	umoja	wingi
-enye	mwenye	wenye
-enyewe	mwenyewe	wenyewe
-ingine	mwingine	wengine
-ingine-o	mwingineo	wengineo
-ote	©	wote
-o-o-te	yeyote	wowote
-ingi	©	wengi

                              

NGELI YA U-I

Ina majina ya miti na mimea.

Mifano

Mchungwa                    mparachichi                    mpera         mgomba            mnazi

Mzabibu                        mpunga                           mpapai       mlimau             muhogo

Mbuni                           mbuyu                              mchenza      mkwaju          mzambarau

Mtomoko                     mnanasi                            mfenesi         mhindi           mharagwe

Mwarubaini                  mbibo                               mkalatusi       mkuyu          mtini

Majina ya baadhi ya sehemu za mwili

Mkono                   jino                                 mfupa                   moyo        mdomo

Munda                   mgongo                          msuli                     mshipa      mundi

Mkundu                mtulinda                         mguu

Majina ya vitu/maumbile

Mlima                 mto                                msitu                      mwamba          mwezi

Mwaka                msimu                          muhula                    mkeka               mkoba   

Mlango               mkebe                            mwamba                  muhula            mchi

Mkate                  mshale                           mpira                      mtego              

Viambishi majina katika ngeli ya U-I

1. m-mi       mifano

                 mti-miti

2. mu-mi      muhula-mihula

                 muwa-miwa

3. mw-mi      mwamba -miamba

NGELI YA KI-VI

Ngeli hii inahusisha baadhi ya sehemu za mwili ;

Kichwa                       kisogo                kisigino                       kiganja                 kiuno

Kiwiliwili                   kifua                   kibofu                         kinywa              kiwiko

Kidole                         kipaji.

Majina ya vyomba/vifaa

Kikombe                     kisu                    kinu                             kifaru                 kiboko

Kioo                            kiberiti               kiberenge                    kitabu                 kichana

Chandarua                   choo                    chakula                     kinanda                 kitanda

Kiti                              kijiko                    kikapu                      

Majina yote ya Kiswahili katika hali ya udogo

Wastani                     udogo                                    wastani                           udogo

Nazi                           kijinazi                                 kidole                               kijidole

Kikombe                    kijikombe                             gari                                   kijigari

Mtoto                         kijitoto                                  mpira                               kijipira

Mti                             kijiti                                      mbwa                               kijibwa

Shati                           kijishati                                sindano                             kijisindano

NGELI YA LI-YA

Husheheni majina ya mazao ya mimea.

Mifano

Hindi                          haragwe                          chungwa                             tini

Buyu                          pera                                 nanasi                                 kanju

Tango                        peasi                               dafu                                     parachichi

Ua                             bibo                                 tomoko                               embe

Fenesi                       boribo                              limau                                  chenza

Tongonya                izu                                    tikiti                                    bungu

Baadhi ya viungo vya mwili

Jino                         bega                                 jicho                                      pafu

Sikio                       figo                                 kalio                                       goti

Kwapa                     tumbo                             ini                                          paja

Titi                          kende                              tombo                               

Majina ya Kiswahili katika ukubwa.

Wastani                                                      umoja                                       wingi

Mtu                                                             jitu                                          majitu

Mbwa                                                         jibwa                                      majibwa

Jicho                                                          jijicho                                     majijicho

Redio                                                         jiredio                                     majiredio

Unyasi                                                      jinyasi                                      majinyasi

Nomino za dhahania

Wazo                                                        swali                                        neno

Shauri                                                       pigo                                        tangazo

Jambo                                                        jibu                                       jambo

Jibu                                                           jina                                        jinni

Zimwi                                                      tokeo                                     pengo

Ombi                                                        penzi

                              Vitu

Tawi                                                       duka                                         jamvi

Shamba                                                   jiko                                           yai

Jiwe                                                        figa                                          jifya

Daraja                                                     darasa                                       jipu

Gunia                                                      jumba                                       boma

Ngeli ya I-ZI

Majina ya ngeli hii huwa hayabadiliki katika umoja na wingi

Baadhi ya nomino ya ngeli hii ni zile zilizokopwa kutoka lugha zingine.

Mifano;

Shati                                soksi                          lori                         basi

Klabu                               komputa                     televisheni           redio

Kalenda                            penseli                       shule                     eropleni

Shilingi                            skuli                            tai                        baiskeli

Kamera                             geti                              senti                     wiki

Kioski                   

Majina mengineyo

Sabuni                             nyumba                      ndizi                     karata

Ngoma                            ngazi                           nguo                     ndoo

Kalamu                            kengele                      nundu                     shida

Taa                                 chupa                           rununu                  runinga

Kufuli                           saa                                nazi                         chaki

Habari                             pikipiki                         sahani                   nyama

Karatasi                           samani                         pua                          dawa

Upatanishi wa kisarufi

Viambishi ngeli

Umoja          ‘I’

Wingi            ‘Zi’

Mifano

Kalamu yangu imepotea .          kalamu zetu zimepotea.

-a unganifu

Umoja   ‘ya ‘

Wingi        ‘za’

Sabuni ya mama imeanguka,

Sabuni za kina mama zimeanguka

Virejeshi

Umoja ‘yo’

Wingi     ‘zo’

Vimilikishi

Nafsi                   umoja            wingi

1                          yangu              zetu

2                          yako                zenu

3                          yake                 zao

Matumizi

Tai hii ni yangu.           Tai hizi ni zetu.

Redio tangu imeharibika               redio zetu zimeharibika

Ngeli ya U –ZI

Viambishi majina

u-nd                  u-ny  u-nj

u-mb                 w-ny

u-©

u-nd

ulimi          ndimi                uele- ndwele                   udevu –ndevu

udifu     -ndifu

u- ©

ukuta-kuta          ukucha-kucha                     ukebe-kebe                       uteo-teo

ufagio-fagio          ufunguo-funguo               ufalme-falme                     utambi-tambi

unyasi-nyasi          ukurasa-kurasa                  ubeti-beti                          unywele-nywele

ukumbi-kumbi

u-ny

uzi-nyuzi                ua-nyua                           ufa-nyufa                          uwanja-nyanja

ungo-nyungo           uwaya-nyaya                   uta-nyuta                           uso-nyuso

undu-nyundu              uti-nyuti

u-mb

ubinda-mbinda              ubavu-mbavu

ubati-mbati                  ubawa-mbawa

w-ny

wembe-nyembe                wimbo-nyimbo                   waraka-nyaraka

waya-nyaya                    wanja-nyanja                       wayo-nyayo

             wadhifa-nyadhifa            wanda-nyanda

                      Upatanishi Kisarufi

       Viambishi ngeli

Umoja ‘U’          wingi ‘zi’

     -a unganifu

Umoja ‘wa’           wingi   ‘za’

           Vimilikishi

Nafsi                  Umoja                  wingi        

1                     wangu                     zetu

2                     wako                       zetu

3                     wake                        zao

            Viashiria

                    Karibu                  mbali kiasi                     mbali            

Umoja          huu                        huo                                 ule

Wingi            hizi                        hizo                                 zile

                    Mifano

Waya wa umeme umekatika.

Nyaya za umeme zimekatika.

   Viambishi ngeli.

Matumizi

Uzi umekatika.

Nyuzi zimekatika.

a-unganifu

waya wa umeme umekatka.                    Nyaya za umeme zimekatika.

Uso wa dada umerebeshwa .                   Nyuso za kina dada zimerembeshwa.

Viashiria

Wembe huu umekatika.         Nyembe hizi zimekatika.

Virejeshi

‘o’-rejeshi

Umoja       ‘o’                             Wingi          ‘zo’

Amba rejeshi

Umoja         ambao                       wingi         ambazo

Uzi ambao ulikatika ni huu.                        Nyuzi ambazo zilikatika ni hizi.

Ulimi ambao uliuma umepona.               Ndimi ambazo ziliuma zimepona.

Mazoea/desturi

Uzi ambao hukatika huwa huu.

Nyuzi ambazo hukatika huwa hizi.

Ulimi uumiao hupona –                Ndimi ziumazo hupona.

Uzi ukatikao huwa huu.                Nyuzi zikatikazo huwa hizi.

  Vivumishi vya pekee

-enye	wenye	zenye
-enyewe	wenyewe	zenyewe
-ingine	mwingine	zingine
-ingine-o	mwingineo	zinginezo
-ote	wote	zote
o-o-te	wowote	zozote

Matumizi

Ukuta mwingine umeanguka.                            Waya wote umekatika.

Kuta zingine zimeanguka.                                  Nyaya zote zimekatika.

Ubawa wenyewe umeumia.                                Nipe uzi wowote.

Mbawa zenyewe zimeumia.                                 Tupe nyuzi    zozote.

Ngeli ya U-YA

Nomino za ngeli hii huchukua viambishi awali ‘u’    na ‘ya’ katika upatanisho wake wa kisarufi. Kiambishi cha umoja ni u- na cha wingi ni ma- (viambishi majina)

Ulezi-malezi                 uzuri –mazuri               upana-mapana         ukubwa  -makubwa

Upendo -mapendo        uzinduzi-mazinduzi      ubongo-mabongo         uovu-maovu

Ubawa-mabawa           uvutaji-mavutaji             uwele-mawele               uboga-maboga

Upatanishi kisarufi

Ulezi huu utamfaa mtoto –malezi haya yatawafaa watoto.

Uzuri wa mkakasi ndani yake kipande cha mti. –mazuri ya mikakasi ndani yao vipande vya miti .   

Ubele ule unavutia .-mabele yale yanavutia.

Virejeshi

Ukubwa uliozidi una hatari – makubwa yaliyozidi yana hatari .

Ukubwa ambao umezidi una hatari. Makubwa ambayo yamezidi yana hatari.

Ukubwa uzidio huwa hatari.- makubwa yazidiyo yana hatari.

Vivumishi vya pekee.

                                Umoja                                wingi

-enyewe                      wenyewe                       yenyewe

-enye                            wenye                          yenye

-ote                               wote                             yote

-ingineo                        mwingineo                    mengineyo

-o-o-te                          wowote                          yoyote

-ingine                          mwingine                      mengine

  

Ngeli ya I

Ina majina  ya nchi .

Mifano

Kenya                          Tanzania                            Uhabeshi                      Unguja

Misri                            Bukini                                  Uswizi                   Marekani

Visiwa vya ngazija        Uganda                              Bukini                    Ushelisheli

   Majina ya miji

Nairobi              kampala                                 Dar –es-salaam                   Kisumu Mombasa

Majina ya masoko /vijiji

peponi                            Katito                                     kahawa                   Butangi   

Mabara              Butangi   

Afrika      uropa           Asia         Amerika Kaskazini            Amerika kusini

Australia                

Majina ya madini

Dhahabu       Almasi     Shaba          Fedha            kiberiti                   vito        lulu        

Risasi         chuma          yakuti         

Majina mengine

Chumvi          sukari                  chai      kahawa                 ngano         petrol             damu           pizeli              baridi               afyuni    poda                       kaaba           sufu             sarufi    Adhuhuri

Sufi  ni kitu kama pamba kinachotokana  na tunda la msufi kinachoweza kutiwa kwenye magodoro .

Sufu –manyoya hasa ya kondoo yanayotengenezwa nyuzi ambazo hutumiwa kutengenezea nguozinazoleta joto mwilini.

Samli –ni mafuta yanayotokana na maziwa ya wanyama kama vile ng’ombe , ngamia au mbuzi yanayotumiwa kupika.

Shahamu- mafuta ya mnyama au samakiambayo aghalabu hutengenezwa sifa ya kupaka katika chombo cha baharini au kwenye mbao ili kuziimarisha na kuzura kuliwa na wadudu.

-mafuta yanayopatikana kwa mnyama aliyenona.

Kaaba-jumba takatifu lililoko Maka ambalo waislamu hulielelea wanaposwali na hulizunguka wakati wa kufnya ibada mojawapo ya Hija.

Afyuni –kileo aghalabu kidongo kinachotengenezwa kwa utomvu wa  mmes Fulani,kasumba ,majuni.

Kiambishi ngeli ni ‘I’

Mifano

Damu ilimchirizika alipokatwa.

Sukari imemwagika barabarani.

Mji wa Nairobi i Kenya.

-a unganifu huwakilishwa na ‘ya’

/i/+/a/=ya

Asali ya nyuki huwa tamu sana.

Kahawa ya mfanyabiashara Yule imetoweka.

Vimilikishi

Petrol yangu imetoweka.               Safu yake ataijaza mtoni.

Siigawi samli yangu.

Virejeshi

Kenya ni nchi ambayo inapendeza.

Petroli iliyomwagika ni ya gari.

Ngeli ya u

Nyingi za nomino hizi ni zile zisizoweza kuhesabika kwa mfano;

Ugali            udongo         wali         wino          umande            uji      

Nyingine za dhahania (zinazorejelea hali tunayohisia kuwapo ingawa hazishikiki)

Umaskini               utoto         ujinga               wepesi          umeme         uchawi

Wema                        ulaghai                  uhodari       ushindi       utajiri         uchoyo    utoto

Werevu                   uwezo                      uchache        umoja       uganga             wokovu      uume

Ujana                      ukarimu                   uzito              usingizi     wingi               ushirikina      wivu                        ulafi                         uke

Upatanishi kisarufi

Viambishi ngeli ni ‘u’

Ugali ule ni mtamu.

Vimilikishi

  Utajiri wetu umetufaa.                               Wema wangu umeniponya.

 -a unganifu  (u+a=wa)       ni wa

Ugonjwa wa ukimwi ni hatari sana.

Virejeshi

Udongo unaofaa ni huu.                           Uji ambao umemwagika ni wangu.

Uchawi aushirikio hautusaidii.                

Vivumishi vya pekee

Uji wenyewe umemwagika.                   Nipe wino wowote      usingizi wote umeisha.

Werevu mwingine hausaidii.                  Nipe ugali mwingineo.